Significance: The first Black schools were set up under the direction of the Freedmen’s Bureau. Its main mission was to provide relief and help freedmen become self-sufficient in all areas of life. The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, also known as the Freedmen's Bureau,was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1865. 1865: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Significance: The Supreme Court denied citizenship to Black people, setting the stage for their treatment as second class citizens. Chief Justice Taney wrote that the original framers of the 1787 Constitution believed that Black people were considered a subordinate and inferior class of beings, "with no rights which the White man was bound to respect." The Supreme Court held that Black people, enslaved or free, could not be citizens of the United States. Board of Education Decision of 1954 1857: Dred Scott, Plaintiff in Error v. Timeline of Events Leading to the Brown v.
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